Assembling a 100-Year Record of Ocean Winds

    Outline

    Why are long records of marine wind important?

    Example: El Nino and Wind

II. Marine Wind Observations - Ships and Satellites

    Timeline of Marine Wind Observations

    The Beaufort Wind Scale

    Anemometry

    Map of Ship Wind Observations (1875 - 1980)

    Satellite Scatterometry - Basic Principles

    Relating Radar Return and Wind Speed

    Recent Scatterometer Missions

    Antenna Pattern

   Map of Scatterometer Observations

III. Reconstructing Winds from Historical Observations
 
    Overview
 
    Methodology

    How Can Satellites Help?

    How Well Does the Reconstruction Work?
        East-West Wind Component
        North-South Wind Component

    Summary and Outlook for the Future